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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 797-801, Oct.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057996

ABSTRACT

Abstract Opossums are marsupials from the New World of the genus Didelphis and known as synanthropic animals due to their proximity with human beings. To date, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphis' has been solely found infecting the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Accordingly, the aim of this study was to screen eight white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from a public park in Maringa city, Paraná State, southern Brazil, for hemoplasma infection. Blood samples were taken from caudal venipuncture, and DNA was extracted and further screened by a pan-hemoplasma PCR assay. Seven out of eight (87.50%; CI 95%: 47.35-99.68%) white-eared opossums were positive for Mycoplasma spp. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA fragment showed 98,97% identity with 'Ca. M. haemodidelphis' detected in the USA. Three out of eight (37.50%; CI 95%: 8.52-75.51%) white-eared opossums were infested by Amblyomma dubitatum ticks. This is the first report on detection of a potentially novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. infecting opossums from South America.


Resumo Gambás são marsupiais do Novo Mundo, pertencentes ao gênero Didelphis, e considerados animais sinantrópicos devido à sua proximidade com seres humanos. Atualmente, a espécie 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphis' só foi encontrada infectando gambá norte americano (Didelphis virginiana). O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar a infecção por hemoplasmas em oito gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) capturados em um parque público da cidade de Maringá, no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por venopunção caudal para a extração do DNA e posterior análise pela PCR para espécies de hemoplasmas. Sete de oito animais (87,50%; CI 95%: 47,35-99,68%) foram considerados positivos para Mycoplasma spp. O sequenciamento do fragmento do gene 16S rRNA obtido apresentou 98.97% de similaridade com sequências de 'Ca. M. haemodidelphis' detectadas nos Estados Unidos. Três gambás (37,50%; CI 95%: 8,52-75,51%) estavam infestados por carrapatos da espécie Amblyomma dubitatum. Esse é o primeiro relato de detecção de uma potencial nova espécie de Mycoplasma hemotrópico infectando gambás na América do Sul.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Opossums/microbiology , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Brazil , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma/genetics
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(3): 360-366, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042528

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mycoplasma ovis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution and can cause mild to severe hemolytic anemia, icterus, and poor weight gain in animals. Although M. ovis has been described in small ruminants worldwide, data on M. ovis in sheep in Brazil is unknown. The objective of the present study was to present the first report of hemotropic mycoplasma (HM) in sheep from Brazil. We evaluated factors associated with this infection, such age group, tick presence, and anemia. Blood samples were collected from 33 sheep from a farm in southern Brazil and screened for hemoplasmas using PCR. Out of 33 samples, 26 (78.8%) tested positive for M. ovis. The sequencing of positive samples showed 100% identity with multiple M. ovis 16S rDNA sequences. No association was observed between the presence of M. ovis and the FAMACHA© score (p = 0.620). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (15/33, 45.4%) was the tick species found on the animals. No significant association between M. ovis infection and presence of ticks (p = 0.4134) and age group (p = 0.4221) was observed. This is the first report of M. ovis infection in sheep from Brazil and only the second report of this pathogen in sheep in Latin America.


Resumo Mycoplasma ovis é um patógeno zoonótico emergente com distribuição mundial e pode causar anemia hemolítica de leve a grave, icterícia e baixo ganho de peso em animais. Embora M. ovis tenha sido descrito em pequenos ruminantes em todo o mundo, os dados sobre M. ovis em ovinos no Brasil são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o primeiro relato de micoplasmas hemotrópicos em ovinos no Brasil. Avaliamos os fatores associados a essa infecção, como faixa etária, presença de carrapatos e anemia. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 33 ovelhas de uma fazenda no sul do Brasil e testadas para hemoplasmas usando a PCR. Das 33 amostras, 26 (78,8%) apresentaram resultado positivo. O sequenciamento das amostras positivas mostrou 100% de identidade com múltiplas sequências de M. ovis 16S rDNA. Não foi observada associação entre a presença de M. ovis e o escore FAMACHA© (p = 0,620). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (15/33, 45,4%) foi a espécie de carrapato encontrada nos animais. Não houve associação significativa entre infecção por M. ovis e presença de carrapatos (p = 0,4134) e faixa etária (p = 0,4221). Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por M. ovis em ovinos no Brasil e o segundo relato deste patógeno em ovinos na América Latina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Phylogeny , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Sheep , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Rhipicephalus/microbiology , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma/genetics , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(2): 306-309, Apr.-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042510

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mycoplasma suis is a bacterium that causes hemoplasmosis in pigs. This agent is capable of adhering to the surface of porcine erythrocytes, inducing structural changes on these cells. In Brazil, there are few reports about the disease, its causal agent, and the economic impact of this pathogen on pig production systems and farm sanitation. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of M. suis in extensive swine farms located in the counties of Itapecuru Mirim, Santa Rita and Rosario, State of Maranhão, northeast Brazil. For such purpose, 64 blood samples of pigs from these facilities were tested for M. suis using a 16S rRNA gene-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); 82.3%, 65.2% and 25% of blood samples of swine from farms in the cities of Itapecuru Mirim, Santa Rita and Rosario were positive for M. suis by qPCR, respectively. This study shows, for the first time, that M. suis circulates in pig populations from the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil.


Resumo Mycoplasma suis é uma bactéria que causa a hemoplasmose em suínos. Este agente é capaz de se aderir à superfície dos eritrócitos de suínos, ocasionando deformações estruturais nestas células. No Brasil, poucos são os relatos acerca do parasita, da infecção e de seus impactos econômicos nas esferas produtiva e sanitária. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, por meio da PCR em tempo real quantitativa (qPCR) baseada no gene 16S rRNA, a ocorrência de M. suis em 64 amostras de sangue de suínos de criações extensivas dos municípios de Itapecuru Mirim, Santa Rita e Rosário, localizados no estado do Maranhão. Foram obtidos um percentual de 82,3%, 65,2% e 25% de amostras positivas na qPCR para M. suis nos municípios de Itapecuru Mirim, Santa Rita e Rosário, respectivamente. Este estudo mostra que M. suis circula entre os suínos de criações extensivas no estado do Maranhão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mycoplasma/genetics , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Swine , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 25(3): 360-363, July-Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-795075

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs, such as Mycoplasma haemocanis, have been described worldwide. Recently, these pathogens have been reported to be causative agent of zoonosis. It is known that its transmission may occur through the action of blood-sucking arthropods (e.g. ticks or fleas), through blood transfusion, contaminated fomites and/or transplacentally. In Brazil, M. haemocanis is present in practically all regions and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is suspected the main vector. In the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, there is little information about infection of dogs by M. haemocanis, or on the main epidemiological features associated with it. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of M. haemocanis among dogs infested by ticks and to assess possible associations with some epidemiological factors. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze dog blood samples (n = 94). DNA from M. haemocanis was detected in four samples. No significant associations were observed with any epidemiological parameter analyzed here. However, the results from this study confirm that this pathogen is circulating in this region and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases among anemic dogs.


Resumo Micoplasmas hemotrópicos de cães, como Mycoplasma haemocanis, já foram descritos em todo o mundo. Recentemente, esses patógenos têm sido apontados como causadores de zoonoses. É sabido que a transmissão pode ocorrer devido à ação de artrópodes sugadores de sangue (carrapatos, pulgas), transfusão sanguínea e/ou fômites contaminados e por via transplacentária. No Brasil, Mycoplasma haemocanis está presente em praticamente todas as regiões, e o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato é suspeito como principal vetor. No município de Campo Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil não existem muitas informações acerca de infecções de cães por M. haemocanis, assim como quais são os principais aspectos epidemiológicos associados a este patógeno. Assim, o objetivo, no presente estudo, foi determinar a ocorrência de M. haemocanis em cães infestados por carrapatos e analisar possíveis associações com alguns fatores epidemiológicos. A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento de DNA foram utilizados para analisar amostras de sangue de cães (n = 94). DNA de M. haemocanis foi identificado em quatro amostras. Não foram observadas associações significativas com qualquer parâmetro epidemiológico analisado. No entanto, os resultados deste estudo confirmam que esse patógeno está circulando na região e deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de causas de anemia em cães.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Zoonoses/parasitology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma Infections/parasitology
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(4): 353-357, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761173

ABSTRACT

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in a rural Brazilian settlement's population of human beings, their dogs and horses, highly exposed to tick bites; to identify the tick species parasitizing dogs and horses, and analyze factors associated with their infection. Blood samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were screened using a pan-hemoplasma SYBR green real-time PCR assay followed by a species-specific TaqMan real-time PCR. A total of 59/132 (44.7%) dog samples were positive for hemoplasmas (21 Mycoplasma haemocanisalone, 12 ' CandidatusMycoplasma haematoparvum' alone and 21 both). Only 1/100 (1.0%) human sample was positive by qPCR SYBR green, with no successful amplification of 16S rRNA or 23 rRNA genes despite multiple attempts. All horse samples were negative. Dogs >1 year of age were more likely to be positive for hemoplasmas ( p= 0.0014). In conclusion, although canine hemoplasma infection was highly prevalent, cross-species hemoplasma transmission was not observed, and therefore may not frequently occur despite overexposure of agents and vectors.


RESUMOOs objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a prevalência de hemoplasmas numa população restrita de cães, equinos e humanos altamente expostos a picadas de carrapatos em assentamento rural brasileiro; identificar as espécies de carrapatos parasitando cães e equinos, e analisar os fatores associados à infecção. Amostras de sangue de 132 cães, 16 cavalos e 100 humanos foram avaliadas utilizando um protocolo pan-hemoplasma em PCR quantitativas em tempo real (qPCR) com SYBR green, seguido de qPCR TaqMan espécie-específicos. Cinquenta e nove/132 (44,7%) cães foram positivos para hemoplasmas (21 Mycoplasma haemocanis, 12 ' Candidatus Mycoplasmahaematoparvum' e 21 para ambos). Uma amostra humana do total de 100 (1%) foi positiva pelo qPCR SYBR green, mas os genes 16S rRNA ou 23S rRNA não foram amplificados com sucesso, apesar de inúmeras tentativas. Todas as amostras de cavalos foram negativas. Cães > 1 ano apresentaram mais chance de serem positivos para hemoplasmas ( p= 0,0014). Concluindo, embora infecções por hemoplasmas caninos sejam altamente prevalentes, a transmissão de hemoplasmas entre espécies não foi observada, e desta forma podem não ocorrer de forma frequente apesar da alta exposição aos agentes e vetores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Dogs , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Mycoplasma/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horses , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma/classification , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Rural Population
7.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 18(3): 1-7, July-Sept. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-606783

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus M. haemominutum', and 'Candidatus M. turicensis' infections have been identified. These species have also been found in free-ranging and captive neotropical felid species. Two canine hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum', have been identified in dogs. In commercial swine populations, Mycoplasma suis was found to be highly prevalent, especially in sows. Moreover, novel mycoplasma species have been identified in Brazilian commercial pigs and domestic dogs. A hemoplasma infection in a human patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also recently documented. In conclusion, hemoplasma species are common and important infectious agents in Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to better understand their impact on pets, production animals, and wildlife fauna, as well as their role as zoonotic agents, particularly in immunocompromised patients.


Estudos recentes utilizando técnicas moleculares para a detecção de micoplasmas hemotróficos em diferentes mamíferos têm sido conduzidos no Brasil. Em gatos domésticos, infecções por Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' e 'Candidatus M. turicensis' foram identificadas. Estas espécies também foram encontradas em felídeos neotropicais de vida livre e de cativeiro. Dois hemoplasmas caninos, Mycoplasma haemocanis e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum', foram identificados em cães domésticos. Em populações comerciais de suínos, Mycoplasma suis possui alta prevalência, especialmente em porcas. Além disso, novas espécies de hemoplasmas foram detectadas em suínos comercias e cães. Infecção por um hemoplasma em um paciente humano infectado com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) foi recentemente documentada. Em conclusão, espécies de hemoplasmas são comuns e importantes agentes de infecções no Brasil. Estudos futuros devem ser conduzidos para melhor entender seu impacto em cães e gatos, animais de produção e na fauna silvestre, e também para determinar o seu papel como agentes zoonóticos, particularmente em pacientes imunocomprometidos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mycoplasma , Animals, Domestic , Animals, Wild , Brazil , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification
8.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Oct; 25(4): 364-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53585

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A two-stage nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay system was described that amplifies the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequences of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma infections in cell cultures and virus stocks. METHODS: Established cell lines and virus stocks were screened for the presence of Mycoplasma by using nested PCR using two sets of outer and inner primers, amplifies 16S-23S rRNA. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was used to detect and identify most of the species-specific Mycoplasmas involved in cell cultures and virus stock contaminants. Infected cultures detected by PCR-RFLP were further treated with BM-cyclin (5 microg/mL) and passaged for three times and tested for Mycoplasma infections by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Mycoplasma pirum and Mycoplasma orale infections were detected by nested PCR. Species specificity was identified by using RFLP of Vsp I, Cla I and Hin dIII restriction enzymes. Mycoplasma infections were cured by treatment with BM-cyclin. This was further confirmed by non-amplification of PCR amplimers in BM-cyclin treated vs. non-treated cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Regular monitoring of cell cultures for Mycoplasma infections and identification of species-specific Mollicutes will identify the source of contaminations. This approach can be used for quality control of the biological reagents used in cell culture and virology laboratories.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cell Culture Techniques , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Minocycline/pharmacology , Mycoplasma/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Quality Control , Virology/methods
9.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2005; 6 (3): 27-34
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-71207

ABSTRACT

Electrophoretic analysis of isoenzymes in 8 enzymatic systems were used for differentiation of 4 isolates of chicken Mycoplasmas including two strains of M gallisepticum, one strain of M. gallinarum and one unknown isolate in comparison with a vaccinal strain of M agalactiae that basically is a pathogen in small ruminants. The enzymatic systems were lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], glucose dehydrogenase [G1DH], glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], galactose dehydrogenase [GalDH], 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6PGDH], malic enzyme [ME], glucose phosphate isomerase [GPI] and alkaline phosphatase [AP]. The number of isoenzyme patterns obtained for LDH, G1DH, G6PD, GalDH, 6PGDH, ME, GPI and AP enzymatic systems were 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 3 and 0, respectively. Except AP enzyme system which is not active in Mycoplasma species, it is concluded that isoenzyme pattern of 7 other studied enzymatic systems, could differentiate between chicken Mycoplasmas and the small ruminant's strain. Based on the isoenzyme patterns of GalDH system, 2 strains of M gallisepticum were differentiated from M. gallinarum and the unknown isolate. Isoenzyme patterns of ME system was able to differentiate M gallinarum from the other chicken isolates. The isoenzyme patterns of GPI system were different for the two strains of M gallisepticum. The isoenzyme patterns of GalDH, GPI and ME systems, showed that the unknown strain of chicken Mycoplasma is a strain of M gallisepticum and it is closely related to one of the known M. gallisepticum isolates


Subject(s)
Animals , Mycoplasma/classification , Isoenzymes/analysis , Electrophoresis , Poultry , Alkaline Phosphatase , Mycoplasma gallisepticum , Mycoplasma agalactiae , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Glucose Dehydrogenases , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase , Galactose Dehydrogenases , Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase , Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase , Alkaline Phosphatase
12.
Infectología ; 6(9): 351-4, 357, 361-2, passim, sept. 1986. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-52809

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se presenta lo que se conoce sobre complicaciones extrapulmonares causadas por M pneumoniae, así como sus posibles interacciones patógenas. Se proponen tres mecanismos para explicar la aparición de complicaciones extrapulmonares por M pneumoniae: a) invasividad del microrganismo al sitio de la lesión, b) producción de toxinas, y c) autoinmunidad. Asimismo, se establece la necesidad que hay de realizar estudios prospectivos con grupos idóneos que permitan conocer el curso completo de la enfermedad bajo diversos estados inmunitarios y orgánicos del huésped. El contenido de este trabajo se dividió en dos partes: en la primera se dan las características de los micoplasmas y de M pneumoniae con el objeto de establecer las relaciones entre ambos. La segunda parte trata de las probables interacciones patógenas en las complicaciones extrapulmonares


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Chick Embryo , Animals , Adult , Humans , History, 20th Century , Mycoplasma Infections/complications , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma/classification
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